![]() ![]() ![]() But some of their techniques, although not hard in the openly coercive sense, are not really soft, either.Ĭontrary to some of the prevailing analysis, the influence wielded by Beijing and Moscow through initiatives in the spheres of media, culture, think tanks, and academia is not a “charm offensive,” as the author Joshua Kurlantzick termed it in his book Charm Offensive: How China's Soft Power Is Transforming the World. Soft power, in contrast, is based on attraction, arising from the positive appeal of a country’s culture, political ideals, and policies-as well as from a vibrant, independent civil society.Īs the Cold War era faded, analysts, journalists, and policymakers in democratic countries came to view influence efforts from authoritarian countries, such as China and Russia, through the familiar lens of soft power. According to Joseph Nye’s original definition, a country’s hard power is based on coercion, largely a function of its military or economic might. The term “soft power” has become a political science catch-all for forms of influence that are not “hard” in the sense of military force. ![]()
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